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  • package root
    Definition Classes
    root
  • package org
    Definition Classes
    root
  • package scalatestplus
    Definition Classes
    org
  • package selenium
    Definition Classes
    scalatestplus
  • trait WebBrowser extends AnyRef

    Trait that provides a domain specific language (DSL) for writing browser-based tests using Selenium.

    Trait that provides a domain specific language (DSL) for writing browser-based tests using Selenium.

    To use ScalaTest's Selenium DSL, mix trait WebBrowser into your test class. This trait provides the DSL in its entirety except for one missing piece: an implicit org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver. One way to provide the missing implicit driver is to declare one as a member of your test class, like this:

    import org.scalatest._
    import selenium._
    import org.openqa.selenium._
    import htmlunit._
    
    class BlogSpec extends FlatSpec with Matchers with WebBrowser {
    implicit val webDriver: WebDriver = new HtmlUnitDriver
    val host = "http://localhost:9000/"
    "The blog app home page" should "have the correct title" in { go to (host + "index.html") pageTitle should be ("Awesome Blog") } }

    For convenience, however, ScalaTest provides a WebBrowser subtrait containing an implicit WebDriver for each driver provided by Selenium. Thus a simpler way to use the HtmlUnit driver, for example, is to extend ScalaTest's HtmlUnit trait, like this:

    import org.scalatest._
    import selenium._
    
    class BlogSpec extends FlatSpec with Matchers with HtmlUnit {
    val host = "http://localhost:9000/"
    "The blog app home page" should "have the correct title" in { go to (host + "index.html") pageTitle should be ("Awesome Blog") } }

    The web driver traits provided by ScalaTest are:

    DriverWebBrowser subtrait
    Google Chrome Chrome
    Mozilla Firefox Firefox
    HtmlUnit HtmlUnit
    Microsoft Internet Explorer InternetExplorer
    Apple Safari Safari

    Navigation

    You can ask the browser to retrieve a page (go to a URL) like this:

    go to "http://www.artima.com"
    

    Note: If you are using the page object pattern, you can also go to a page using the Page instance, as illustrated in the section on page objects below.

    Once you have retrieved a page, you can fill in and submit forms, query for the values of page elements, and make assertions. In the following example, selenium will go to http://www.google.com, fill in the text box with Cheese!, press the submit button, and wait for result returned from an AJAX call:

    go to "http://www.google.com"
    click on "q"
    enter("Cheese!")
    submit()
    // Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript.
    eventually { pageTitle should be ("Cheese! - Google Search") }
    

    In the above example, the "q" used in “click on "q"” can be either the id or name of an element. ScalaTest's Selenium DSL will try to lookup by id first. If it cannot find any element with an id equal to "q", it will then try lookup by name "q".

    Alternatively, you can be more specific:

    click on id("q")   // to lookup by id "q" 
    click on name("q") // to lookup by name "q" 
    

    In addition to id and name, you can use the following approaches to lookup elements, just as you can do with Selenium's org.openqa.selenium.By class:

    • xpath
    • className
    • cssSelector
    • linkText
    • partialLinkText
    • tagName

    For example, you can select by link text with:

    click on linkText("click here!")
    

    If an element is not found via any form of lookup, evaluation will complete abruptly with a TestFailedException.

    Getting and setting input element values

    ScalaTest's Selenium DSL provides a clear, simple syntax for accessing and updating the values of input elements such as text fields, radio buttons, checkboxes, selection lists, and the input types introduced in HTML5. If a requested element is not found, or if it is found but is not of the requested type, an exception will immediately result causing the test to fail.

    The most common way to access field value is through the value property, which is supported by the following input types:

    Tag Name Input Type Lookup Method
    input text textField
    textarea - textArea
    input password pwdField
    input email emailField
    input color colorField
    input date dateField
    input datetime dateTimeField
    input datetime-local dateTimeLocalField
    input month monthField
    input number numberField
    input range rangeField
    input search searchField
    input tel telField
    input time timeField
    input url urlField
    input week weekField

    You can change a input field's value by assigning it via the = operator, like this:

    textField("q").value = "Cheese!"
    

    And you can access a input field's value by simply invoking value on it:

    textField("q").value should be ("Cheese!")
    

    If the text field is empty, value will return an empty string ("").

    You can use the same syntax with other type of input fields by replacing textField with Lookup Method listed in table above, for example to use text area:

    textArea("body").value = "I saw something cool today!"
    textArea("body").value should be ("I saw something cool today!")
    

    or with a password field:

    pwdField("secret").value = "Don't tell anybody!"
    pwdField("secret").value should be ("Don't tell anybody!")
    

    Alternate Way for Data Entry

    An alternate way to enter data into a input fields is to use enter or pressKeys. Although both of enter and pressKeys send characters to the active element, pressKeys can be used on any kind of element, whereas enter can only be used on text entry fields, which include:

    • textField
    • textArea
    • pwdField
    • emailField
    • searchField
    • telField
    • urlField

    Another difference is that enter will clear the text field or area before sending the characters, effectively replacing any currently existing text with the new text passed to enter. By contrast, pressKeys does not do any clearing—it just appends more characters to any existing text. You can backup with pressKeys, however, by sending explicit backspace characters, "\u0008".

    To use these commands, you must first click on the input field you are interested in to give it the focus. Here's an example:

    click on "q"
    enter("Cheese!")
    

    Here's a (contrived) example of using pressKeys with backspace to fix a typo:

    click on "q"              // q is the name or id of a text field or text area
    enter("Cheesey!")         // Oops, meant to say Cheese!
    pressKeys("\u0008\u0008") // Send two backspaces; now the value is Cheese
    pressKeys("!")            // Send the missing exclamation point; now the value is Cheese!
    

    Radio buttons

    Radio buttons work together in groups. For example, you could have a group of radio buttons, like this:

    <input type="radio" id="opt1" name="group1" value="Option 1"> Option 1</input>
    <input type="radio" id="opt2" name="group1" value="Option 2"> Option 2</input>
    <input type="radio" id="opt3" name="group1" value="Option 3"> Option 3</input>
    

    You can select an option in either of two ways:

    radioButtonGroup("group1").value = "Option 2"
    radioButtonGroup("group1").selection = Some("Option 2")
    

    Likewise, you can read the currently selected value of a group of radio buttons in two ways:

    radioButtonGroup("group1").value should be ("Option 2")
    radioButtonGroup("group1").selection should be (Some("Option 2"))
    

    If the radio button has no selection at all, selection will return None whereas value will throw a TestFailedException. By using value, you are indicating you expect a selection, and if there isn't a selection that should result in a failed test.

    If you would like to work with RadioButton element directly, you can select it by calling radioButton:

    click on radioButton("opt1")
    

    you can check if an option is selected by calling isSelected:

    radioButton("opt1").isSelected should be (true)
    

    to get the value of radio button, you can call value:

    radioButton("opt1").value should be ("Option 1")
    

    Checkboxes

    A checkbox in one of two states: selected or cleared. Here's how you select a checkbox:

    checkbox("cbx1").select()
    

    And here's how you'd clear one:

    checkbox("cbx1").clear()
    

    You can access the current state of a checkbox with isSelected:

    checkbox("cbx1").isSelected should be (true)
    

    Single-selection dropdown lists

    Given the following single-selection dropdown list:

    <select id="select1">
     <option value="option1">Option 1</option>
     <option value="option2">Option 2</option>
     <option value="option3">Option 3</option>
    </select>
    

    You could select Option 2 in either of two ways:

    singleSel("select1").value = "option2"
    singleSel("select1").selection = Some("option2")
    

    To clear the selection, either invoke clear or set selection to None:

    singleSel("select1").clear()
    singleSel("select1").selection = None
    

    You can read the currently selected value of a single-selection list in the same manner as radio buttons:

    singleSel("select1").value should be ("option2")
    singleSel("select1").selection should be (Some("option2"))
    

    If the single-selection list has no selection at all, selection will return None whereas value will throw a TestFailedException. By using value, you are indicating you expect a selection, and if there isn't a selection that should result in a failed test.

    Multiple-selection lists

    Given the following multiple-selection list:

    <select name="select2" multiple="multiple">
     <option value="option4">Option 4</option>
     <option value="option5">Option 5</option>
     <option value="option6">Option 6</option>
    </select>
    

    You could select Option 5 and Option 6 like this:

    multiSel("select2").values = Seq("option5", "option6")
    

    The previous command would essentially clear all selections first, then select Option 5 and Option 6. If instead you want to not clear any existing selection, just additionally select Option 5 and Option 6, you can use the += operator, like this.

    multiSel("select2").values += "option5"
    multiSel("select2").values += "option6"
    

    To clear a specific option, pass its name to clear:

    multiSel("select2").clear("option5")
    

    To clear all selections, call clearAll:

    multiSel("select2").clearAll()
    

    You can access the current selections with values, which returns an immutable IndexedSeq[String]:

    multiSel("select2").values should have size 2
    multiSel("select2").values(0) should be ("option5")
    multiSel("select2").values(1) should be ("option6")
    

    Clicking and submitting

    You can click on any element with “click on” as shown previously:

    click on "aButton"
    click on name("aTextField")
    

    If the requested element is not found, click on will throw an exception, failing the test.

    Clicking on a input element will give it the focus. If current focus is in on an input element within a form, you can submit the form by calling submit:

    submit()
    

    Switching

    You can switch to a popup alert bo using the following code:

    switch to alertBox
    

    to switch to a frame, you could:

    switch to frame(0) // switch by index
    switch to frame("name") // switch by name
    

    If you have reference to a window handle (can be obtained from calling windowHandle/windowHandles), you can switch to a particular window by:

    switch to window(windowHandle)
    

    You can also switch to active element and default content:

    switch to activeElement
    switch to defaultContent
    

    Navigation history

    In real web browser, you can press the 'Back' button to go back to previous page. To emulate that action in your test, you can call goBack:

    goBack()
    

    To emulate the 'Forward' button, you can call:

    goForward()
    

    And to refresh or reload the current page, you can call:

    reloadPage()
    

    Cookies!

    To create a new cookie, you'll say:

    add cookie ("cookie_name", "cookie_value")
    

    to read a cookie value, you do:

    cookie("cookie_name").value should be ("cookie_value") // If value is undefined, throws TFE right then and there. Never returns null.
    

    In addition to the common use of name-value cookie, you can pass these extra fields when creating the cookie, available ways are:

    cookie(name: String, value: String)
    cookie(name: String, value: String, path: String)
    cookie(name: String, value: String, path: String, expiry: Date)
    cookie(name: String, value: String, path: String, expiry: Date, domain: String)
    cookie(name: String, value: String, path: String, expiry: Date, domain: String, secure: Boolean)
    

    and to read those extra fields:

    cookie("cookie_name").value   // Read cookie's value
    cookie("cookie_name").path    // Read cookie's path
    cookie("cookie_name").expiry  // Read cookie's expiry
    cookie("cookie_name").domain  // Read cookie's domain
    cookie("cookie_name").isSecure  // Read cookie's isSecure flag
    

    In order to delete a cookie, you could use the following code:

    delete cookie "cookie_name"
    

    or to delete all cookies in the same domain:-

    delete all cookies
    

    To get the underlying Selenium cookie, you can use underlying:

    cookie("cookie_name").underlying.validate()  // call the validate() method on underlying Selenium cookie
    

    Other useful element properties

    All element types (textField, textArea, radioButton, checkbox, singleSel, multiSel) support the following useful properties:

    MethodDescription
    location The XY location of the top-left corner of this Element.
    size The width/height size of this Element.
    isDisplayed Indicates whether this Element is displayed.
    isEnabled Indicates whether this Element is enabled.
    isSelected Indicates whether this Element is selected.
    tagName The tag name of this element.
    underlying The underlying WebElement wrapped by this Element.
    attribute(name: String) The attribute value of the given attribute name of this element, wrapped in a Some, or None if no such attribute exists on this Element.
    text Returns the visible (i.e., not hidden by CSS) text of this element, including sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.

    Implicit wait

    To set Selenium's implicit wait timeout, you can call the implicitlyWait method:

    implicitlyWait(Span(10, Seconds))
    

    Invoking this method sets the amount of time the driver will wait when searching for an element that is not immediately present. For more information, see the documentation for method implicitlyWait.

    Page source and current URL

    It is possible to get the html source of currently loaded page, using:

    pageSource
    

    and if needed, get the current URL of currently loaded page:

    currentUrl
    

    Screen capture

    You can capture screen using the following code:

    val file = capture
    

    By default, the captured image file will be saved in temporary folder (returned by java.io.tmpdir property), with random file name ends with .png extension. You can specify a fixed file name:

    capture to "MyScreenShot.png"
    

    or

    capture to "MyScreenShot"
    

    Both will result in a same file name MyScreenShot.png.

    You can also change the target folder screenshot file is written to, by saying:

    setCaptureDir("/home/your_name/screenshots")
    

    If you want to capture a screenshot when something goes wrong (e.g. test failed), you can use withScreenshot:

    withScreenshot {
      assert("Gold" == "Silver", "Expected gold, but got silver")
    }
    

    In case the test code fails, you'll see the screenshot location appended to the error message, for example:

    Expected gold but got silver; screenshot capture in /tmp/AbCdEfGhIj.png
    

    Using the page object pattern

    If you use the page object pattern, mixing trait Page into your page classes will allow you to use the go to syntax with your page objects. Here's an example:

    class HomePage extends Page {
      val url = "http://localhost:9000/index.html"
    }
    
    val homePage = new HomePage go to homePage

    Executing JavaScript

    To execute arbitrary JavaScript, for example, to test some JavaScript functions on your page, pass it to executeScript:

    go to (host + "index.html")
    val result1 = executeScript("return document.title;")
    result1 should be ("Test Title")
    val result2 = executeScript("return 'Hello ' + arguments[0]", "ScalaTest")
    result2 should be ("Hello ScalaTest")
    

    To execute an asynchronous bit of JavaScript, pass it to executeAsyncScript. You can set the script timeout with setScriptTimeout:

    val script = """
      var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
      window.setTimeout(function() {callback('Hello ScalaTest')}, 500);
    """
    setScriptTimeout(1 second)
    val result = executeAsyncScript(script)
    result should be ("Hello ScalaTest")
    

    Querying for elements

    You can query for arbitrary elements via find and findAll. The find method returns the first matching element, wrapped in a Some, or None if no element is found. The findAll method returns an immutable IndexedSeq of all matching elements. If no elements match the query, findAll returns an empty IndexedSeq. These methods allow you to perform rich queries using for expressions. Here are some examples:

    val ele: Option[Element] = find("q")
    
    val eles: colection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Element] = findAll(className("small")) for (e <- eles; if e.tagName != "input") e should be ('displayed) val textFields = eles filter { tf.isInstanceOf[TextField] }

    Cleaning up

    To close the current browser window, and exit the driver if the current window was the only one remaining, use close:

    close()
    

    To close all windows, and exit the driver, use quit:

    quit()
    

    Alternate forms

    Although statements like “delete all cookies” fit well with matcher statements like “title should be ("Cheese!")”, they do not fit as well with the simple method call form of assertions. If you prefer, you can avoid operator notation and instead use alternatives that take the form of plain-old method calls. Here's an example:

    goTo("http://www.google.com")
    clickOn("q")
    textField("q").value = "Cheese!"
    submit()
    // Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript.
    eventually(assert(pageTitle === "Cheese! - Google Search"))
    

    Here's a table showing the complete list of alternatives:

    operator notationmethod call
    go to (host + "index.html") goTo(host + "index.html")
    click on "aButton" clickOn("aButton")
    switch to activeElement switchTo(activeElement)
    add cookie ("cookie_name", "cookie_value") addCookie("cookie_name", "cookie_value")
    delete cookie "cookie_name" deleteCookie("cookie_name")
    delete all cookies deleteAllCookies()
    capture to "MyScreenShot" captureTo("MyScreenShot")

    Definition Classes
    selenium
  • ActiveElementTarget
  • AlertTarget
  • Checkbox
  • ClassNameQuery
  • ColorField
  • CookiesNoun
  • CssSelectorQuery
  • DateField
  • DateTimeField
  • DateTimeLocalField
  • DefaultContentTarget
  • Dimension
  • Element
  • EmailField
  • FrameElementTarget
  • FrameIndexTarget
  • FrameNameOrIdTarget
  • FrameWebElementTarget
  • IdQuery
  • LinkTextQuery
  • MonthField
  • MultiSel
  • MultiSelOptionSeq
  • NameQuery
  • NumberField
  • PartialLinkTextQuery
  • PasswordField
  • Point
  • Query
  • RadioButton
  • RadioButtonGroup
  • RangeField
  • SearchField
  • SingleSel
  • SwitchTarget
  • TagNameQuery
  • TelField
  • TextArea
  • TextField
  • TimeField
  • UrlField
  • ValueElement
  • WeekField
  • WindowTarget
  • WrappedCookie
  • XPathQuery
  • add
  • capture
  • click
  • delete
  • go
  • switch

class MultiSel extends Element

This class is part of ScalaTest's Selenium DSL. Please see the documentation for WebBrowser for an overview of the Selenium DSL.

This class enables syntax such as the following:

multiSel("select2").clear("option5")

Source
WebBrowser.scala
Exceptions thrown

TestFailedExeption if the passed WebElement does not represent a multiple selection list

Linear Supertypes
Element, AnyRef, Any
Ordering
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Inherited
  1. MultiSel
  2. Element
  3. AnyRef
  4. Any
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Visibility
  1. Public
  2. Protected

Instance Constructors

  1. new MultiSel(underlying: WebElement)(implicit pos: Position)

    underlying

    a WebElement representing a multiple selection list

    Exceptions thrown

    TestFailedExeption if the passed WebElement does not represent a multiple selection list

Value Members

  1. final def !=(arg0: Any): Boolean
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef → Any
  2. final def ##: Int
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef → Any
  3. final def ==(arg0: Any): Boolean
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef → Any
  4. final def asInstanceOf[T0]: T0
    Definition Classes
    Any
  5. def attribute(name: String): Option[String]

    The attribute value of the given attribute name of this element, wrapped in a Some, or None if no such attribute exists on this Element.

    The attribute value of the given attribute name of this element, wrapped in a Some, or None if no such attribute exists on this Element.

    This method invokes getAttribute on the underlying WebElement, passing in the specified name.

    returns

    the attribute with the given name, wrapped in a Some, else None

    Definition Classes
    Element
  6. def clear(value: String): Unit

    Clears the passed value in this multiple selection list.

    Clears the passed value in this multiple selection list.

    value

    the value to clear

  7. def clearAll(): Unit

    Clears all selected values in this multiple selection list.

  8. def clone(): AnyRef
    Attributes
    protected[lang]
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @throws(classOf[java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException]) @native()
  9. final def eq(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
  10. def equals(other: Any): Boolean

    Returns the result of invoking equals on the underlying Element, passing in the specified other object.

    Returns the result of invoking equals on the underlying Element, passing in the specified other object.

    other

    the object with which to compare for equality

    returns

    true if the passed object is equal to this one

    Definition Classes
    Element → AnyRef → Any
  11. def finalize(): Unit
    Attributes
    protected[lang]
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @throws(classOf[java.lang.Throwable])
  12. final def getClass(): Class[_ <: AnyRef]
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef → Any
    Annotations
    @native()
  13. def hashCode(): Int

    Returns the result of invoking hashCode on the underlying Element.

    Returns the result of invoking hashCode on the underlying Element.

    returns

    a hash code for this object

    Definition Classes
    Element → AnyRef → Any
  14. def isDisplayed: Boolean

    Indicates whether this Element is displayed.

    Indicates whether this Element is displayed.

    This invokes isDisplayed on the underlying WebElement.

    returns

    true if the element is currently displayed

    Definition Classes
    Element
  15. def isEnabled: Boolean

    Indicates whether this Element is enabled.

    Indicates whether this Element is enabled.

    This invokes isEnabled on the underlying WebElement, which will generally return true for everything but disabled input elements.

    returns

    true if the element is currently enabled

    Definition Classes
    Element
  16. final def isInstanceOf[T0]: Boolean
    Definition Classes
    Any
  17. def isSelected: Boolean

    Indicates whether this Element is selected.

    Indicates whether this Element is selected.

    This method, which invokes isSelected on the underlying WebElement, is relevant only for input elements such as checkboxes, options in a single- or multiple-selection list box, and radio buttons. For any other element it will simply return false.

    returns

    true if the element is currently selected or checked

    Definition Classes
    Element
  18. def location: Point

    The XY location of the top-left corner of this Element.

    The XY location of the top-left corner of this Element.

    This invokes getLocation on the underlying WebElement.

    returns

    the location of the top-left corner of this element on the page

    Definition Classes
    Element
  19. final def ne(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
  20. final def notify(): Unit
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @native()
  21. final def notifyAll(): Unit
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @native()
  22. def size: Dimension

    The width/height size of this Element.

    The width/height size of this Element.

    This invokes getSize on the underlying WebElement.

    returns

    the size of the element on the page

    Definition Classes
    Element
  23. final def synchronized[T0](arg0: => T0): T0
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
  24. def tagName: String

    The tag name of this element.

    The tag name of this element.

    This method invokes getTagName on the underlying WebElement. Note it returns the name of the tag, not the value of the of the name attribute. For example, it will return will return "input" for the element <input name="city" />, not "city".

    returns

    the tag name of this element

    Definition Classes
    Element
  25. def text: String

    Returns the visible (i.e., not hidden by CSS) text of this element, including sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.

    Returns the visible (i.e., not hidden by CSS) text of this element, including sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.

    returns

    the visible text enclosed by this element, or an empty string, if the element encloses no visible text

    Definition Classes
    Element
  26. def toString(): String

    Returns the result of invoking toString on the underlying Element.

    Returns the result of invoking toString on the underlying Element.

    returns

    a string representation of this object

    Definition Classes
    Element → AnyRef → Any
  27. val underlying: WebElement

    The underlying WebElement wrapped by this Element

    The underlying WebElement wrapped by this Element

    Definition Classes
    MultiSelElement
  28. def values: MultiSelOptionSeq

    Gets all selected values of this multiple selection list.

    Gets all selected values of this multiple selection list.

    If the multiple selection list has no selections, ths method will return an empty IndexedSeq.

    returns

    An IndexedSeq containing the currently selected values

  29. def values_=(values: Seq[String])(implicit pos: Position): Unit

    Clears any existing selections then sets all values contained in the passed collection.Seq[String].

    Clears any existing selections then sets all values contained in the passed collection.Seq[String].

    In other words, the values_= method replaces the current selections, if any, with new selections defined by the passed Seq[String].

    values

    a Seq of string values to select

    Exceptions thrown

    TestFailedException if a value contained in the passed Seq[String] is not among this multiple selection list's values.

  30. final def wait(): Unit
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @throws(classOf[java.lang.InterruptedException])
  31. final def wait(arg0: Long, arg1: Int): Unit
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @throws(classOf[java.lang.InterruptedException])
  32. final def wait(arg0: Long): Unit
    Definition Classes
    AnyRef
    Annotations
    @throws(classOf[java.lang.InterruptedException]) @native()

Inherited from Element

Inherited from AnyRef

Inherited from Any

Ungrouped